Leonardo
Moving away from the medieval canons with their schematic, they have to portray people in more natural against the background of real landscapes and interiors. By Tommaso Masaccio 1424 adorned with beautiful frescoes of the church in Florence. In the same period, Filippo Brunelleschi built the magnificent architecture of the building. Among his masterpieces owned by the Pazzi Chapel in Florence. The ability to combine several different Occupation characteristic for the creators of the Renaissance. Michelangelo Buonarroti famous primarily as a sculptor, author of the famous sculpture "Pieta", but he was also a painter, and so, and even supervised the construction of St. Peter's in Rome in 1547.
But the most versatile differed by Leonardo da Vinci, which became the epitome of the humanist ideal of fully developed man. Leonardo was not only a brilliant artist created great paintings, the architect and sculptor, he had a tremendous knowledge and has made important discoveries in mathematics, science, and mechanics. Among the most celebrated figures of the Renaissance owned and artists Giotto, Botticelli and Raphael, Donatello and Ghiberti sculptor, architect Bramante. New developments in Italy and swept the rest of Europe. Universities in Oxford, Cambridge and Paris became centers of ideas Renaissance. They helped the spread of such thinkers as Erasmus and Thomas More, who tried to revise some of the religious dogma and to reform the Church.
The head of the "Northern humanists," Erasmus raised man above the church – for the time it was a bold idea. In the Netherlands, Germany and the ideals of the Renaissance were picked up by such artists as Van Eyck, Durer and Holbein, developed a special northern style of painting. In England Shakespeare and Spencer made a revolution in poetry and the performing arts. In 1600 Marie de Medici when she married the French king Henri IV, had brought with him to Paris of Italian craftsmen, painters and sculptors that further contributed to the spread of a new culture in Europe. Renaissance – a new stage in the culture, the transition to a new culture of time, which is characterized by reliance on an antique aesthetic. George Vasari coined the term "Renaissance." 1. This new way of thinking and belief, a special spiritual way of life and behavior. 2. This is a prime example of overall cultural reorientation. 3. The basis of culture of the Renaissance was the search for human identity. 4. Aesthetic and ethical Renaissance ideal – an image of a free universal creative person who creates himself. Circle of Humana studia – Renaissance humanism. Humanists refuse to scholastic learning sciences. Art is perceived and examined through the prism of science. 5. Manifesto of the Renaissance was a treatise Giovanni Pico della Miradolla "It is about human dignity." The man himself has to define its place in the world, or to rise above nature through their abilities, or reduced to an animal. The main idea of the Renaissance = a statement of grandeur and beauty of man. Thus, the overall conclusion of the humanists of the era was the recognition of endless human capabilities in improving themselves and the world.
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